Minnesota continues to
experience vigorous, widespread influenza activity, with high levels of
hospitalizations and deaths reported. The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) updated
its Weekly Influenza Activity summary (
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/flu/stats/index.html)
on its website today. Some important points to note about the current
situation:
To date, MDH has received reports of 1,842 hospitalizations due to
influenza-like illness and has confirmed 60 deaths due to influenza or
complications from influenza.
These numbers are current for reports received as of the week ending Jan.
12.
By comparison,
Minnesota
recorded 285 hospitalizations for influenza-like illness in all of 2008-09; 965
in ’10-’11 and 552 in ’11-12. In the pandemic year of 2009-10, there were 1,824
hospitalizations.
Influenza can cause a viral pneumonia, and influenza can be a gateway for
secondary infections such as a bacterial infection including bacterial
pneumonia. In addition people with certain medical conditions can have a
worsening of their condition when they are ill with influenza.
One of the reasons why we are seeing more influenza this year may be because
one of the predominant circulating strains is the H3N2 strain of the virus. In
years in which H3N2 is the predominant strain, we typically see more severe
cases of illness, particularly in the very young and the elderly, and more
cases overall.
The south central, central and metro areas of the state continue to have the
highest levels of activity. While this is challenging their resources, they appear
to be managing well.
Regional health care coalitions continue to monitor hospital bed count and
resource needs. This public/private partnership between public health,
hospitals, clinics and local business partners continues to play a critical
role in the success of
Minnesota’s
response to influenza.
In the coming week, we expect to continue to see reports of hospitalizations
and deaths from influenza, however the rate of reports to the department seems
to be slowing somewhat, but we can’t say for certain whether cases have peaked
or not until we see and evaluate two more weeks of data.
The past several influenza seasons [since 2008 and excluding the pandemic]
have been mild so many
Minnesota
residents may not be accustomed to seeing higher levels of seasonal influenza
activity. The amount and severity of influenza varies from season to season; we
are having a severe seasonal influenza year, which happens every so often.
Recommendations for individuals
Vaccine availability
We are still encouraging people to be vaccinated. It is not too late to get
vaccinated. Our goal is to use all doses of vaccine available.
Vaccine is still available from the Minnesota Vaccines for Children (MnVFC)
program for those with federal (Medicaid) insurance and vaccine distributors
still have vaccine for sale for those that are privately insured. The majority
of clinics that we are speaking to have adequate vaccine. This is a changing
situation and we are in contact with partners and are continually assessing the
situation.
It is possible that some providers may have exhausted their supply at this
point in the season; you may need to check with a few clinics to find vaccine.
Based on the information we have available, it should be possible to find a
provider who has vaccine available. We strongly advise people to keep looking.
The MDH flu clinic locator may be helpful for this.
To find the location of a flu clinic near you, visit
www.mdhflu.com.
If you are going to a retail store pharmacy site be sure to check about age
groups being served. Not all pharmacies serve persons under age 18 years.
Because people with medical conditions or the elderly, who are at high risk
for influenza complications may not have the best immune response to the
vaccine, it is important that those around them are vaccinated.
Many of our deaths are occurring in the elderly – over 66 percent were in
those over age 80 – so it is very important that those who live, visit or work
around the elderly, particularly health care workers and long-term care
workers, are vaccinated.
While the vaccine doesn’t offer perfect protection, it is still the best
tool we have for preventing influenza and its complications. If you don’t get
it, you don’t have protection.
The CDC recently released a report that estimated 60% effectiveness for this
year’s flu vaccine against medically attended influenza. This is a preliminary
estimate.
Given this level of efficacy, some vaccinated persons will become ill with
influenza. Therefore, antivirals should be used as recommended for at risk
patients regardless of their vaccination status.
Antivirals continue to be available. Pediatric suspensions are the only
formulation for which FDA is reporting intermittent shortages. Pharmacists can
compound their own pediatric formulations.
What else you can do
Most people can fight the flu at home with rest and fluids. If you or your
child develop concerning symptoms, call your health care provider. If you are
at risk for becoming very ill from influenza, call your health care provider as
soon as symptoms of flu illness develop – they will determine whether influenza
testing and possible treatment are needed.
New guidance for the public is available: “When to Get Medical Help for Flu
Symptoms” provides general guidance for persons experiencing flu symptoms and
when to seek medical attention.
MDH and the CDC recommend that everyone get vaccinated for influenza, but
especially those at high risk for complications from influenza. Those include:
Children younger than 5, but especially children younger than 2 years old.
Adults 65 years of age and older (
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/65over.htm).
Pregnant women (
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/pregnant.htm).
American Indians and Alaskan Natives seem to be at higher risk of flu
complications.
People who have medical conditions such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease,
neurological disease, kidney and liver disorders and others. For a list, see
CDC’s website:
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm.
During flu season, besides getting vaccinated, there are other steps people
can take to avoid spreading or catching influenza:
Do your best to stay healthy. Get plenty of rest, physical activity and
healthy eating.
Stay home from school or work if you have a respiratory infection. Avoid
exposing yourself to others who are sick with flu-like illness.
Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue whenever you cough or sneeze, then
throw the tissue away. If you don't have a tissue, cough or sneeze into your
sleeve.
Clean surfaces you touch frequently, such as doorknobs, water faucets,
refrigerator handles and telephones.
Wash your hands often with soap and water or with an alcohol-based hand
sanitizer when soap and water are not available.
Symptoms, treatment, etc.
The symptoms of influenza, which tend to come on suddenly, can include a
sore throat, coughing, fever, headache, muscle aches and fatigue. People who
become severely ill with influenza-like symptoms should see a physician.
Influenza is caused by a virus and antibiotics which are used against
bacteria are not effective against it. Antivirals such as oseltamivir and
zanamivir can be used against influenza.
More information on influenza can be found at
www.mdhflu.com.